For decades, children and adolescents were viewed as “little adults” in psychiatry, with mental health assessments and treatments mirroring those of adults, albeit with reduced dosages. However, recent years have seen a significant evolution in our understanding of child and adolescent psychiatry. High-quality research, including randomized controlled trials, has expanded our knowledge of psychopharmacological treatments specifically for young people. In addition to authoritative research, we have years of observational studies that have shown the medications we use to be safe and effective in both the short and long run.

Despite these advances, many families remain understandably apprehensive about psychiatric treatment for children. Concerns about over-diagnosis and overprescription have been fueled by negative media coverage and Black Box Warnings on certain medications. At The Midtown Practice, our prescribers do everything possible to ensure positive outcomes. We conduct thorough assessments, follow the highest standard of care, and practice judicious prescribing when indicated. We address any fears you might have by providing evidence-based information and thoroughly discussing the risks and benefits of whatever we prescribe. When helpful and with your permission, we collaborate with your pediatrician and other professionals to coordinate the best possible outcome for your child. This approach helps alleviate anxiety and promotes the most effective treatment for young patients.

What Medications Are Used to Treat Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD or ADD)?

Stimulant medications are the most effective and common treatment for ADD and ADHD. The active ingredients of the two most commonly prescribed psychostimulants are methylphenidate (e.g. Ritalin, Focalin) and amphetamine (e.g. Adderall, Vyvanse). These medications stimulate underactive executive functions in the prefrontal cortex, allowing it to effectively orchestrate the activity of the rest of the brain. Countless studies have demonstrated that these medications improve attention and reduce distractibility and hyperactivity. The benefits of effectively treating ADHD and ADD produce some of the most profoundly positive results in all of psychopharmacology. Other medications, such as alpha agonists and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, are also used to treat ADD/ADHD.

How Do I Decide About Medications for Depression or Anxiety?

“Antidepressants,” particularly SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), are commonly used as first-line treatment for depression, anxiety, and OCD. Several SSRIs have been extensively studied and approved for use in young people, including Prozac (fluoxetine), Lexapro (escitalopram), and Zoloft (sertraline). These medications sustain the activity of serotonin, an important neurotransmitter in emotion regulation. The net effect is a reduction in negative emotions such as depression, excessive anxiety, or irritability. Other highly effective treatments for anxiety or depression include psychotherapy or combination treatment with both medications and therapy, which has been shown to be more effective than either alone.